Immune Cytokines
Cytokine |
Producer cell/tissue |
Target cell |
Functions |
Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF) | |||
endothelium, macrophages |
growth and differentiation of neutrophils | ||
growth and differentiation of monocytes and dendritic cells | |||
thymic epithelial cells (TEC), PMN, chondrocytes, glomerular mesangial cells, Ishikawa cells | lymphohematopoietic growth and differentiation of monocytes, enhances expression of differentiation- antigens and stimulates chemotactic, phagocytic, and cytotoxic activities of monocytes | ||
Interleukins | |||
|
costimulation | ||
maturation and proliferation | |||
activation | |||
various
|
inflammation, acute phase response, fever | ||
IL-2 |
cell growth, proliferation, activation, synthesis of antibodies |
||
(multi-CSF) hematopoietin |
|
growth and differentiation | |
growth, and histamine release | |||
proliferation and differentiation IgG1 and IgE synthesis | |||
MHC Class II | |||
proliferation | |||
proliferation and differentiation IgA synthesis | |||
pro-inflammatory IL-6 receptor has two subunits - an alpha subunit that produces ligand specificity, and a p130 receptor subunit. Signals through JAK kinases and activation of Ras-mediated signaling
|
monocytes
macrophages
Th2 cells
stromal cells
|
differentiation into plasma cells → secretion of antibodies | |
costimulator of T cells | |||
differentiation | |||
various
|
acute phase response | ||
neurons, osteoblasts |
neuronal differentiation, bone loss | ||
differentiation into progenitor B and T cells | |||
IL-8
|
macrophages
endothelial cells
|
chemotaxis | |
inhibition of macrophage function, cytokine production | |||
activation | |||
differentiation into CTL (with IL-2) | |||
activation | |||
various
|
viral replication MHC I expression | ||
fibroblasts
|
various
|
viral replication MHC I expression | |
various
|
viral replication | ||
MHC expression | |||
Ig class switch to IgG2a | |||
proliferation | |||
pathogen elimination | |||
Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins | |||
chemotaxis | |||
chemotaxis | |||
Transforming Growth Factor | |||
chemotaxis | |||
activated macrophages
|
IL-1 synthesis | ||
IgA synthesis | |||
various
|
proliferation | ||
Tumor Necrosis Factor | |||
CAM and cytokine expression | |||
cell death | |||
lymphotoxin-α (LT) pro-inflammatory
|
phagocytosis, with no production; activation effector cells to infection sites, leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, peripheral lymphoid organogenesis, stimulation of B cells | ||
cell death through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis |
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