Oncogenes Proto-oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes normally function in controlling cellular growth. Proto-oncogenes are typically associated with cellular signal transduction and control of gene transcription. Oncogenes are tumor-causing, malignantly transformed (mutated) proto-oncogenes. | |
Growth Factor genes | |
Proto-oncogene/Oncogene type | Normal/Abnormal function |
c-Sis | PDGF β-chain |
v-sis gene (first oncogene with identified homology to known cellular gene) | oncogene in simian sarcoma virus |
int-2 gene (integration of mouse mammary tumor virus) | FGF-related growth factor |
KGF (Hst) gene | FGF-related growth factor oncogene in gastric carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma |
c-Fms (“fims”) gene | colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor retroviral oncogene |
Flg (“flag”) gene (homology to the Fms gene, so 'fms-like gene') | FGF receptor |
Neu (“new”) gene – conversion of proto-oncogenic to oncogenic Neu requires only a single amino acid change in the transmembrane domain | EGF receptor-related gene in an ethylnitrosourea-induced neuroblastoma |
Trk (“track”) genes – TrkA, TrkB and TrkC | NGF receptor-like proteins oncogene in pancreatic cancer |
Met gene | hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)/scatter factor (SF) receptor |
c-Kit gene | mast cell growth factor receptor |
Membrane Associated Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (PTKs) | |
v-src gene | first identified oncogene |
c-Src gene | archetypal protein tyrosine kinase |
Lck gene | T cell tumor line (LYSTRA cell kinase), associated with the CD4 and CD8 antigens of T cells |
Mas gene | angiotensin receptor oncogene in a mammary carcinoma |
Membrane Associated G-Proteins | |
three different homologs of the c-Ras gene | most frequent oncogene in colorectal carcinomas |
Raf gene | signaling pathway of most RTKs, very likely threonine phosphorylation of MAP kinase following receptor activation |
Nuclear DNA-Binding/Transcription Factors | |
Myc gene (disruption by retroviral integration and transduction and chromosomal rearrangements) | avian myelocytomatosis virus, human hematopoietic neoplasias |
Fos gene | feline osteosarcoma virus, interacts with a second proto-oncogenic protein, Jun to form a transcriptional regulatory complex (AP1) |
p53 gene (single most identified mutant protein in human tumors – originally identified as a major nuclear antigen in transformed cells) | Mutant forms of the p53 protein interfere with cell growth suppressor effects of wild-type p53 indicating that the p53 gene product is actually a tumor suppressor. |
Labels: c-Sis, FGF, Fms, Fos, KGF, Lck, Mas, Myc, Neu, p53, PDGF, Raf, RTK, Src, Trk
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