Malignant Transformation

Carcinogenesis: transformation into cancer
Type	Agent	Comment
mutagenic carcinogens	tobacco smoke asbestos	cancers of head and neck, lung, bladder malignant mesothelioma
non-mutagenic carcinogens	Estrogens Alcohol	increase rate of mitosis, thus increasing the opportunity for malignant mutations
radiation	ionizing radiation	free radicals, DNA damage
virus	DNA viruses RNA retroviruses	HPV, adenovirus HIV, HTLV
genetic predisposition	Philadelphia chromosome	chromosomal translocation